Petroleum and Natural Gas
Petroleum and Natural Gas
Petroleum and Natural Gas: Petroleum and natural gas were formed from the remains of tiny marine organism that died millions of years ago.
Process of formation of petroleum and natural gas: Tiny marine organisms died and settled on the ocean floor. With passage of time, this layer of dead organisms were covered beneath sediments. Enormous heat and pressure transformed the remains to petroleum and natural gas. Rising through porous rocks like sandstone, petroleum and natural gas reached a layer of impermeable rock and trapped below it. Petroleum and natural gas are extracted by drilling through the impermeable rocks. Petroleum is a complex nature of solid, liquid and gaseous hydrocarbon. The process of separating various constituents of petroleum is known as refining and carried out in refinery. It is heated to 400°C and introduced in fractionating column. Vapours of petroleum rise inside the fractionating column cool and condense at different heights, depending on their boiling paints and collected in different trays.
Products obtained are:
Natural Gas: It is a naturally occurring hydrocarbon gas mixture consisting mainly of methane and some other hydrocarbons as well. Uses of natural gas:
Refining of petroleum : Petroleum is a mixture of several hydrocarbons. It is a foul - smelling brown black liquid. It also contains water, salt and rocky materials. It can not be used in this crude form either as a fuel or as a basic material to produce other useful components. Before being put to use, it has to be purified and refined. The process of separating the various components of petrol from one another is known as the refining of petroleum. This is done by a process called fractional distillation which is based on the fact that the different components of petroleum have distinctly different boiling points. They are seprated in a large fractionating column. Crude oil is pipped to the refinery from a well. It is washed with acid and alkali solutions to remove the basic and acidic impurities respectively. Crude oil is now heated about 673 K and fed at the base of fractionating column. All the components of expect asphalt are in the vapour state. As the mixture of hot vapours rise up in the column, it begins to cool. The components with the highest boiling point condense later.
The components obtained at different heights in order from the bottom are asphalt, lubricating oil, paraffin wax, fuel oil, diesel, kerosene, petrol and petroleum gas.
Products obtained on fractional distillation of crud :
The natural petroleum contains ________________ | |||
| Right Option : D | |||
| View Explanation | |||
Dead organisms are transformed into petroleum and natural gas in ______________________ | |||
| Right Option : A | |||
| View Explanation | |||
Domestic cooking gas cylinder is filled with _____________________ | |||
| Right Option : C | |||
| View Explanation | |||
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